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Homeric Hymn to Demeter

1–104

I begin to sing of beautiful-haired Demeter, holy goddess - of her and her delicate-ankled daughter whom Hades snatched away, her having been given to him by far-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer. She was playing apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits, with the deep-bosomed daughters of Oceanus. They were gathering flowers in a soft meadow; roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths, and the narcissus; which Earth made to grow at the will of Zeus and to please Hades, as a snare for the bloom-like girl. [10] A marvellous, radiant flower, it was a thing of wonder for both immortal gods and mortal men to see. From its root grew a hundred blooms, and it smelled most sweetly, so that all wide heaven above and the whole earth and the salty sea laughed for joy. The girl was amazed and reached out with both hands to take the lovely treat; but the earth with its wide roads opened up there in the Plain of Nysa, and the lord Hades, the Son of Cronos, he who has many names, with his immortal horses, sprang out upon her.

He seized her against her will on his golden chariot and carried her away as she wailed. [20] Then she cried out shrilly with her voice, calling upon her father, the Son of Cronos, the highest and the best. But not one of the immortal gods, nor one of the mortal humans, heard her voice, nor even did the rich fruit-bearing olive-trees. Only the light-hearted daughter of Persaios, Hecate with the bright head-band, heard the girl from her cave, and also lord Helios, Hyperion's bright son. They heard the maiden as she called to her father, the Son of Cronos: but he, all by himself, was seated far apart from the gods, inside a temple where many pray, receiving beautiful sacrifices from mortal humans. [30] She was being taken against her will, at the suggestion of Zeus, by her father's brother with his immortal horses; Ruler of Many, Host of Many, Cronos’ many-named son.

So long as both the earth and the starry sky could be seen by the goddess, and the strong-flowing, fish-filled sea, and the rays of the sun, she still hoped to see her dear mother and the tribe of the immortal gods. So during this time her great heart was soothed by hope, distressed as she was. … The peaks of the mountains and depths of the sea rang with her immortal voice: and her revered mother heard her.

[40] A sharp pain seized her heart. She tore off the veil from her divine flowing hair with her own dear hands, hurled her dark cloak down from both her shoulders, and sped off searching like a bird of prey over land and sea. But no one would tell her the truth. Not one of the gods, nor one of the mortal humans, nor one of the birds of omen, messengers of the truth, came to her. Thereafter, for nine days the revered Demeter wandered over the earth, with blazing torches in her hands. [50] In her grief not once did she take of ambrosia and nectar, sweet to drink, nor did she bathe her skin in water. But when the tenth bright dawn came upon her, Hecate came to her, with a torch in her hands. She came with a message, and told her story, saying this:

"Revered Demeter, bringer of the seasons, giver of splendid gifts, which one of the gods who dwell in heaven, or which one of the mortal humans seized Persephone and brought grief to your dear spirit? I heard the sounds, but did not see with my eyes who it was. I tell you everything truthfully and in haste."

So spoke Hecate. She received no response from the daughter of beautiful-haired Rhea, [60] instead she sped off with her, holding blazing torches in her hands. They came to Helios, the watchman of gods and men, stood in front of his horses and the divine goddess asked:

"Helios, respect me as a god to a goddess if ever with word or deed I have pleased your heart and spirit. The girl born to me, my sweet offspring, glorious in form – I heard her cries resounding through the barren air, as if she were suffering violence; though I did not see it with my own eyes. But you look down through the bright air on the whole world with your sunbeams. [70] Tell me the truth about my dear child, if you have seen her, what god or mortal man has taken her from me by force, against her will, and gone away.”

So she spoke. The son of Hyperion answered with these words:

"Daughter of beautiful haired Rhea, Lady Demeter, you shall know the truth; for I stand in great awe of you, and pity you as you as you grieve over your delicate-ankled daughter. No other of the immortal gods is to blame, only cloud-gathering Zeus who gave her to Hades, his own brother, to call his blushing bride. [80] Into the murky darkness he carried her off with his horses, as she screamed wildly. But, goddess, stop your great lamentation, you must not uselessly hold onto terrible anger. It is not shameful to have, of all the immortals, Hades Ruler of Many as a son-in-law; your own brother and kin. And as for honour, he got his third when the world was divided in the beginning, and dwells with those whose ruler he was destined by lot to be.”

So saying, he called to his horses. At his rebuke they swiftly drew the speeding chariot, like birds of prey.

[90] A more terrible, more dreadful grief came upon Demeter’s spirit. Therefore, in her anger at the son of Cronos of the dark clouds, she abandoned the assembly of the gods and high Olympus. She went among the cities and rich fields of men, for a long time disguising her form. Not one of the men who saw her, recognised her, nor did any of the deep-girded women. Until, one day, she came to the house of skilful Celeos, who was then ruler of fragrant Eleusis. She sat down near the road, her dear heart full of sorrow, at the well called Parthenion (the Virgin's Place), from which the people of the city drew water. [100] She sat in the shade – an olive tree had grown overhead – looking like an old woman, born long ago, cut off from childbearing and the gifts of garland-loving Aphrodite. Such are the nursemaids of the children of law-giving kings, and housekeepers in echoing halls.

301–474

But when they had finished they rushed from their toil and each man went home. Golden-haired Demeter, however, sat there, staying far away from all the blessed immortals, reduced to yearning for her deep-bosomed daughter. She made the grimmest and most brutal year for men on the all-nourishing earth. No ground sent up seeds, for Lady Demeter kept them hidden. Many oxen dragged the bent ploughs over the fields in vain. Much white barley fell upon the ground to no purpose.

[310] By means of painful famine, she would have destroyed the whole mortal race and deprived the glorious dwellers of Olympus the honour of gifts and sacrifices, if Zeus had not noticed and pondered upon this in his heart.

First he sent golden-winged Iris to summon beautiful-haired Demeter who was so lovely in form. Zeus spoke, and she obeyed the dark-clouded son of Cronos, and ran across the divide between heaven and earth on swift feet. She approached the city of fragrant Eleusis, and found Demeter, dark-veiled, in her shrine, and addressed her with winged words:

[320] ‘Demeter, father Zeus, whose wisdom never dies, orders you to come back to the family of everlasting gods. Go, and do not let my message from Zeus be useless.’

In this way she begged her: but Demeter’s heart was not persuaded by her. Then the father sent in turn the blessed immortal gods: coming one after another they implored her and offered plentiful gifts of great beauty, as well as any honours she might want among the immortal gods. But none could persuade her heart nor her mind as she raged in her soul: [330] she firmly refused these pleas. She asserted that she would never come up to fragrant Olympus, nor let the ground send up one seed, before she saw with her own eyes her fair-eyed girl.

When Zeus, wide-eyed and loud-thundering, heard this, he sent the slayer of Argus, with his staff of gold, to Erebus; so that Hades, having been persuaded by his words, would lead sacred Persephone out of the murky darkness below to the light among the gods; so that her mother could see her with her own eyes and end her rage. [340] Hermes did not disobey, and hurriedly plunged into the depths of the earth, leaving behind the seat of Olympus.

He found him, the lord, inside the house sitting on a couch with his revered wife, who was there much against her will due to her longing for her mother – still she was far away, devising a wicked plan to avenge these deeds of the blessed gods. Standing close by them, the mighty slayer of Argus spoke:

“Dark-haired Hades, who rules those who have died, father Zeus ordered me to lead noble Persephone out of Erebus so that her mother can see her with her eyes and stop her terrible rage and anger against the gods. [350] She is devising some great scheme to make the feeble tribe of earth-born men perish by hiding seeds below the ground, and thus bring an end to worship of the immortals. Her anger is terrible, and she does not even spend time with the gods, but sits far away in her fragrant shrine at Eleusis with its rocky city.

So he spoke. Hades, lord of the dead, smiled grimly, and did not disobey the command of Zeus the King. Swiftly he ordered skilful Persephone:

[360] ‘Go, Persephone, to your dark-veiled mother. Keep the spirit in your breast kindly; don’t be too angry for all you could be. I will not be a shameful husband to you amongst the immortals, being the brother of Zeus the Father. Here you will rule all that lives and moves, receiving the greatest honours amongst the immortals. Those who do wrong and do not appease your power with sacrifices, reverently performing rites, and giving rich gifts, will have punishment for all their days.

[370] So he spoke, and skilful Persephone rejoiced, swiftly leaping up in delight. But he secretly gave her one seed of a honey-sweet pomegranate to eat, peering around him, for fear that she would stay for all her days elsewhere alongside dark-veiled and revered Demeter. Hades the Ruler of Many yoked his immortal horses before his golden chariot. She got in the chariot also, alongside the mighty slayer of Argus who, seizing reins and whip in his dear hands, dashed out through the hall; for him they flew eagerly. [380] Swiftly they accomplished the long journey. Neither sea nor the water of rivers nor grassy mountain peaks slowed the speed of those immortal horses; they sliced through the thick air above them as they went. He halted them, where Demeter of the beautiful garlands was staying, in front of her fragrant shrine, On seeing them she eagerly darted forward, like a Maenad down a thickly forested mountainside. Persephone on the other side, when she saw the beautiful eyes of her own mother, jumped out of the chariot and left the horses behind to run and throw herself onto her, hugging her tight. [390] She, however, holding her dear child in her own arms, suddenly suspected some trick in her heart. Grimly stepping back, she restrained her affection, and spoke:

“Child, you didn’t eat any food while you were down below, did you? Speak out, don’t hide anything, so that we both know. For if you have not, you shall come back from hated Hades and live alongside me and your dark-clouded father, the son of Cronos, honoured by all the immortals. But if you did eat, you will go back again to the depths of the earth, to live for a third part of the seasons each year. [400] The other two parts however, you shall live alongside me and the other immortals. When earth blooms with the fragrant blossoms of spring of every kind, then from the murky dark again you will rise up, a great marvel to gods and mortal men. Tell me how he snatched you to the murky darkness, and by what trick the strong lord, the Host of Many, deceived you.’

Then, most beautiful Persephone spoke in reply: ‘When luck-bringing Hermes, the swift messenger from his father the son of Cronos and the others in Heaven, came to me bidding me to come back from Erebus, so that you would see me with your eyes, and stop your dreaded rage and anger against the immortals, [410] immediately I leaped up joyfully: but he secretly fed me the seed of a pomegranate, a honey-sweet food, and forced me to eat, though I was unwilling. Also, I will tell you how he snatched me due to the shrewd cunning of the son of Cronos, my father, carrying me to the depths of the earth. I will go through it all, as you ask.

All of us were in a glorious meadow, Leucippe, Phaino and Electra and Ianthe and Melita and Iache and Rhodeia and Kallirhoe and Tyche and Ochyrhoe, like a budding flower, and Chryseis and Ianeira and Acaste and Admete. Rhodope and Pluto were there also, and seductive Calypso, and the Styx and Urania and lovely Galazaura and Pallas who causes battles, and Artemis who shoots arrows. We were playing and picking the beautiful flowers in our hands, the soft crocus mixed with irises and hyacinths, carpets of roses and lilies, wondrous to behold, and narcissus, which the wide earth grew like a crocus. And I joyfully picked them. But then the earth beneath my feet gave way, [430] and the mighty Lord, the Host of Many, sprang from it in his golden chariot and carried me away beneath the earth by force, much against my will. I shouted in my loudest voice. Though they cause me grief, all these things I tell you truthfully.”

So then they spent the whole day with their souls united, tenderly embracing one another often which warmed heart and soul; ending the pain of their souls. They gave and received joy to each other. Hecate with her bright headband drew near them, and embraced the daughter of holy Demeter many times: [440] from this time on the Lady became servant and friend to her.

All-seeing and loud-thundering Zeus sent a messenger to them, lovely-haired Rhea, to bring dark-veiled Demeter to join the family of the gods. He promised to give her whatever honours she chose for herself from the immortal gods. He nodded his agreement that as the years come around, the girl will spend a third of the year in the murky dark, but two thirds of it with her mother and the other immortals. So he spoke and the goddess did not ignore the message of Zeus. Eagerly she shot down from the heights of Olympus and came to Rharus, [450] previously a fertile and life-giving land but not life-giving at that time, rather it stood unused and without leaves: the white barley had been hidden as part of the plan of delicate-ankled Demeter. But afterwards there would soon be tall ears of corn rippling, and the fat furrows on the ground would be heavy with corn to be tied with bands into sheaves. She landed there first from the barren air, and the goddesses were glad to see each other, rejoicing in their hearts. Then Rhea with her bright headband addressed Demeter in this way:

“[460] Come child, wide-eyed Zeus the loud-thunderer summons you to come and join the family of the gods. He promised to give you whatever honours you choose for yourself from the immortal gods. He nodded his agreement that as the years come around, the girl will spend a third of the year in the murky dark, but two thirds of it with her mother and the other immortals. Thus he has said it shall be accomplished: he has nodded his head in agreement. But come, my child, and obey; do not rage continuously at the son of Cronos who is dark with clouds. Right now, make the life-giving seeds grow tall for men.”

[470] So she spoke. Queen Demeter did not disobey. At once she sent up seeds through the fertile ground: all the broad earth was heavy with flowers and leaves.

TASK 2 : Homer Iliad Book 1

http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Greek/Iliad1.htm

Task 3: Homer's Odyssey: